General
Information
Creation → 1st November, 1966
Capital → Chandigarh
Boundaries → International : Pakistan, National:
Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan
State Animal → Black Buck (Antilope Cervicopra)
State Bird → Goshawk (Melievax poliotens)
State Tree → Shisham (Dalbergia Sissoo)
State Language → Punjabi
Secretariat → Chandigarh
High Court → Punjab and Haryana High Court,
Chandigarh
First C.M → Dr. Gopi Chand Bhargava
First Chief Justice of High Court → Justice Ram
Lal
First Speaker of Vidhan Sabha → Kapur Singh
Present C.M → Parkash Singh Badal
Present Governor → Shiv Raj Patil
Present Speaker of Vidhan Sabha → Charanjit
Singh Atwal
General
Structure
Geographical Area → 50,362 km2
Latitude → 29030’N to 320320 N
Longitude → 730550 E to 760500 E
Forest Area → 3055 km2
Altitude → 180-300 meters
Average Rainfall → 435.6 mm
Administrative
Units
Divisions → 5 (Newly created on 31st Dec., 2010: Ropar Division)
Districts → 22
Sub-Divisions/Tehsils → 81 (Newly added in 2011:
Guru Har Sahai) (Ferozepur District) and Dharamkot (Moga district)
State Legislature → Unicameral
Lok Sabha Constituencies → 13
Rajya Sabha Constituencies → 7
Vidhan Sabha Constituencies → 117
Largest City (population Wise) → Ludhiana
Demography
(CENSUS 2011)
Total Population → 277.04 Lakh
Male Population → 146.35 Lakh
Female Population → 130.69 Lakh
Rural Population → 173.2 Lakh
Percentage of Rural to Total Population → 62.51%
Urban Population → 103.87 Lakh
Percentage of Urban to Total Population → 37.49%
Density → 550 per sq.km
Sex Ratio → 893
Literate and Educated Persons → 18988611
Literacy Rate → 76.7%
Male Literacy → 81.48%
Female Literacy → 71.34%
Scheduled Caste Population → 7028723
Percentage of S.C. to Total Population → 28.85%
Punjab Constitutes 2.29% of India’s population.
District
Stats
Most Literate District → Hoshiarpur
Least Literate District → Mansa
Most Populated District → Ludhiana
Least Populated District → Barnala
Largest District (Area Wise) → Ludhiana
Smallest District (Area Wise) → SAS Nagar
(Mohali)
Highest Sex Ratio → Hoshiarpur
Lowest Sex Ratio → Bathinda
District with Highest Population Density →
Ludhiana
District with Lowest Population Density →
Muktsar
Max. Decadal Growth of population → SAS Nagar
(Mohali)
Min. Decadal Growth of population → SBS Nagar
(Nawanshahr)
Max. Literacy (among males) → Hoshiarpur
Min. Literacy (among males) → Mansa
Max. Literacy (among females) → Hoshiarpur
Min. Literacy (among females) → Mansa
2 newly created Districts → Pathankot (carved
out of Gurdaspur) and Fazilka (carved out of Ferozepur)
State
Income
Growth
Rate:
2009-10 (Provisional): 6.29%,
2010-11 (Quick): 6.81%
2011-12 (Advance): 5.68%
Gross
State Domestic Product at Current Prices:
2009-10 (P): 198393 crores
2010-11 (Q): 224975 crores
2011-12 (A): 248301 crores
Gross
State Domestic Product at Constant Prices (2004-05):
2009-10 (P): 138629 crores
2010-11 (Q): 148069 crores
2011-12 (A): 156483 crores
Per
Capita Income at Constant Prices:
2008-09 (R): 41003
2009-10 (P): 42752
2010-11 (Q): 44885
Population
under Poverty Line:
Total: 15.9% (2009-10)
Rural: 14.6%
Urban: 18.1%
Average
Monthly Per Capita Expenditure as per NSS 66th Round: Rural:
1649
Urban: 2109
Table of
the Battles of Guru Gobind Singh
Name
of the battle
|
Where
|
When
|
Between
|
Victor
|
Result
|
|
One
side
|
Other
side
|
|||||
Battle of Bhangani
|
Bhangani
|
1688
|
Guru Gobind Singh
|
Raja Bhim Chand of Khalur and Hill
Chiefs
|
Guru and His Sikhs
|
Bhimchand and other Rajput rajas
became friends of Guru
|
Battle of Nadaun
|
Nadaun
|
1690-
|
Alif Khan (Mughals )
|
Guru and Hill Rajas
|
Guru and Hill Rajas
|
Alif Khan was defeated
|
First Battle of Anandpur
|
Anandpur
|
1701
|
Guru and his Sikhs
|
Raja Bhim Chand of Khalur and
other Hill Chiefs
|
Guru and His Sikhs
|
Rajas made compromise and the Guru
retired to Nirmoh
|
Battle of Nirmoh
|
Nirmoh
|
1702
|
Guru and His Sikhs
|
Raja Bhim Chand+ Mughal
forces
|
Guru and his Sikhs
|
Defeat of invaders
|
Battle of Basoli
|
Basoli
|
1702
|
Guru and his Sikhs
|
Raja Bhim Chand
|
Guru and His Sikhs
|
Sikhs attacked the territory of
Raja and captured Kalmot
|
Second Battle of Anandpur
|
Anandpur
|
1704
|
Guru and his Sikhs
|
Hill Chiefs and Mughal Forecs
under Wazir Khan
|
Hill chiefs and Mughal Forces
under Wazir Khan
|
Guru and His Sikhs had to leave
fort and Zorawar & Fateh Singh were bricked alive
|
Battle of Chamkaur
|
Chamkaur
|
1705
|
Guru and his Sikhs
|
Mughal Forces
|
Mughal Forces
|
35 Sikhs including two sons Ajit
& Jhujar Singh died fighting heroically
|
Battle of Khidrana
|
Khidrana
|
1705
|
Guru and his Sikhs
|
Mughal Forces
|
Guru and his Sikhs
|
Sikhs defeated the Mughals but 40
of them (Chali Mukte) dies fighting
|
Geography
of Punjab
The region includes the three well recognized
areas:
1.
Majha (Upper Bari Doab): spreads
over 4 districts: Gurdaspur, Pathankot, Amritsar and Tarn Taran. It is bounded
by River Ravi in the west and River Beas in the east and Satluj in the south.
2.
Doaba (Bist Jalandhar Doab): is a
triangular area between River Beas in the north-west, River Satluj in the
south. It covers 4 districts: Kapurthala, Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur (western parts)
and Nawanshahr.
3.
Malwa Plains: The
region lies between river Satluj in the north and river Ghaggar in the south.
The region spreads over 14 districts: Ferozepur, Faridkot, Fazilka, Bathinda,
Barnala, Sangrur, Mansa, Patiala, Mohali, Moga, Muktsar, Ludhiana, Rupnagar and
Fatehgarh Sahib.
Ancient
Names of the River
Satluj
Satlutri
Beas
Vipash
Ravi
Parushtani
Chenab
Asikni
Jhelum
Vitasta
Indus
Sindhu
Saraswati
Sarusti
River
Satluj borders 9 districts of Punjab: Ropar, Nawashahr, Jalandhar,
Kapurthala, Tarn Taran, Ludhiana, Moga, Ferozepur and Fazilka
River
Ravi borders 3 districts of Punjab,Amritsar, Pathankot and Gurdaspur
River
Beas borders 6
districts of Punjab, Gurdaspur, Pathankot, Amritsar, Tarn-Taran, Hoshiarpur and
Kapurthala.
Forests
District
wise Forest Area Intensity:
1st Highest:
Hoshiarpur (34%)
2nd Highest:
Ropar (24%)
3rd Highest:
Nawanshahr(15%)
4th Highest:
Gurdaspur (10%)
Wildlife
Sanctuaries in Punjab:
1.
1. Harike
– e Pattan Wildlife Sanctuary: is situated in Tarn Taran
district
2.
2. Takhni
Rehmapur Sanctuary: is
situated in Hoshiarpur district
3.
3. Abohar
Wildlife Sanctuary: is
situated in Abohar, Fazilka district which is famous for Black Buck
4.
4. Bir
Motibagh Sanctuary: situated
in Patiala district on Patiala-Dakala road.
5.
5. Bir
Gurdialpura Sanctuary: is
situated in Patiala district on Patiala-Samana-Shatrana road.
6.
6. Bir
Bhunerheri Sanctuary: is
situated in Patiala district on Patiala-Devigarh road.
7.
7. Bir
Mehas Wildlife Santuary: is
situated in Nabha Tehsil of Patiala district on Nabha-Malerkotla road.
8.
8. Bir
Dosanjh Wildlife sanctuary: is
situated in Nabha tehsil of Patiala district on Nabha-Jorepul road.
9.
9. Bir
Bhadson Wildlife Sanctuary: is situated in district
Patiala on Nabha-Bhadson-Gobindgarh road.
10. Bir
Aishwan Wildlife Sanctuary: is
situated in district Sangrur on Sangrur-Sohian road.
11. Jhajjar-Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary: is
situated in the forest area of district Rupnagar, falls in Villages of Jhajjar,
Bachauli and Lamheri.
12. Kathlapur
Kushlian Wildlife Sanctuary: is situated in tehsil Pathankot of district
Gurdaspur on Amritsar-Jammu highway.
Zoological
Parks in Punjab:
1.
1. Mahendra
Chaudhary Zoological Park, or Chatt Bir Zoo: is a
zoological park located near Zirakpur, that houses hundreds of different
mammals, birds and reptiles. One of the major attractions of Chatt Bir Zoo near
Chandigarh is the lion safari.
2.
Tiger Safari: in
Ludhiana district
3.
Deer Park, Neelon: in
Ludhiana district
4.
Deer Park Bir Moti Bagh: in Patiala district
5.
5. Deer
Park Bir Talab: in Bathinda district
Five
Takhts
Shri Akal Takht
|
Amritsar, Punjab
|
Shri Damdama Sahib (also called
Guru-ki-Kashi)
|
Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab
|
Shri Keshgarh Sahib
|
Anandpur Sahib, Punjab
|
Shri Patna Sahib
|
Patna, Bihar
|
Shri Hazoor Sahib
|
Nanded Sahib, Maharashtra
|
Social
Reform Movements in Punjab
Nirankari
movement: The Nirankari movement was originated in Rawalpandi, in the
northwest region of Punjab, during the latter years of the reign of Maharaja
Ranjit Singh. The sect was founded by Baba Dyal Singh.
Namdhari
Movement: The Namdhari movement was founded by Balak Singh who did not
believe in any religious ritual other than the repetition of God’s name. The
Namdhari maintain their own gurdwaras (houses of worship) and practice strict
vegetarianism.
Radhasoami
movement: Shiv Dayal Singh, founder of the movement, also called “Soamiji
Maharaj” by devotees and admirers used to insist that anyone who chose to
follow him must give up non-vegetarian food, abstain from alcohol and
intoxicants, lead a high moral life and engage in over two hours of shabd yoga
(sound current yoga) meditation per day.
Singh
Sabha Movement: The first modern movement among the Sikhs was the Singh Sabha.
Accepting the challenge of Christans missionaries and under the impact of
Western education, a few public-spirited Sikhs assembled at Amritsar and formed
a society known as Sri Guru Singh
Sabha (Amritsar Singh Sabha).
In the
Struggle for Freedom
Komagat
Maru: The Komagata Maru (also called Kamagata) was a Japanese steam
liner, chartered in 1914 by Gurdit
Singh, an affluent Sikh businessman, to carry 376 Indians, all Punjabis
to Canada. The Ship embarked from Hong Kong before arriving in Canada.
Ghadar
movement: The Ghadar movement was a movement of patriotic, progressive,
democratic and enlightened Indians living abroad, working for the emanicipation
of India from the clutches of British colonialism and the birth of a new India
based on national and social emancipation. A weekly paper called ‘Ghadar’ (The
Rebellion) was started with Lala Hardyal as Chief Editor.
Jallianwala
Bagh Massacre: Jallianwala
Bagh Massacre, involved the killing of hundreds of unarmed, defenseless Indians
by a senior British military officer, which took place on 13th April, 1919 in the heart of Amritsar, the holiest city of the
Sikhs, on a day sacred to them as the birth anniversary of the Khalsa (Baisakhi
day).
The massacre took place in the Jallianwala Bagh,
a public garden in Amritsar and shooting was ordered by Brigadier-General Dyer.
Shaheed
Udham Singh: Shaheed Udham Singh is known for his assassination of Sir Michael
O’Dwyer in March 1940 what has been described as a revenge of the Jallianwala
Bagh Massacre.
Gurudwara
Reform Movement: Gurudwara Reform Movement marked the struggle of the Sikhs
from 1920-25 to wrest control of their places of worship from the mahants
(priests) into whose hands they had passed during the 18th century when the Sikhs were driven away from their homes to seek
safety in remote hills and deserts.
SGPC: Sikh
Gurudwaras Act, 1925 passed by the provincial legislative assembly in July 1925
and implemented with effect from 1 November 1925 created a “Board”, renamed
Shiromani Gurudwara Parbandhak Committee soon thereafter to provide for the
better administration of certain Sikh Gurudwaras and for inquiries into matters
and settlement of disputes connected therewith.
Guru Ka
Bagh Morcha: Guru Ka Bagh morcha in Ghukkevali village, Tehsil Ajnala, District
Amritsar is an account of a major campaign, just one of the many struggles by
the Sikhs in the early 1920’s to seek justice, in regaining control of their
own houses of worship.
Jaito
Morcha: Jaito Morcha is the name given to the Akali agitation that took
place in Febrauary 1924 for the restoration of the throne of Maharaja Ripudaman
Singh of Nabha, a Sikh princely state in the Punjab.
Punjab
Riyasti Praja Mandal: Punjab Riyasti Praja Mandal was an organization
of the people of the princely states of Punjab which was established in 1928 at Mansa to work for securing to
them civil liberties and political rights.
Shaheed
Bhagat Singh: Shaheed Bhagat Singh was born into a Sikh family which had earlier
been involved in revolutionary activities against the British Raj, at village
called ‘Khatkar Kalan’ in present SBS Nagar (Nawanshehr) district.
Shaheed
Sukhdev: Shaheed Sukhdev was a famous Indian revolutionary who played a
major role in the India’s struggle for Independence. Sukhdev was a member of
the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) and organized
revolutionary cells in Punjab and other areas of North India. He along with
other renowned revolutionaries started the ‘Naujawan Bharat Sabha’ at Lahore.
Shaheed
Rajguru: Shaheed Rajguru was a revolutionist from Maharashtra. He was a
colleague of Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev and took part in the murder of a British
police officer, J.P. Saunders, at Lahore in 1928.
WETLANDS
OF PUNJAB:
1.Harike Wetland also known as “Hari-ke-Pattan”,
with the Harike Lake (fresh water lake) in the deeper part of it, is the
largest wetland in northern India in the Tarn Taran Sahib district of Punjab
and is situated at the confluence of the Beas and Satluj. The wetland was
declared as a Wild Life Sanctuary in 1999 with an extended area of 86 sq.km. It
was decalared a Ramsar site by the International Body of Wetlands under the
UNDP in 1990.
2.Ropar Wetland, also named Ropar Lake (fresh
water lake), is a man-made freshwater riverine and lacustrine wetland. This
important ecological zone is located in the Shivalik foothills of the Lower
Himalayas and was created in 1952 on the Sutlej River. Considering the
wetland's diverse and rich biodiversity, Ramsar Convention has included Ropar
Wetland (listed as Ropar Lake) as one of the Ramsar sites.
3.Kanjli Wetland is a man made Wetland, which
subsumes the Kanjli Lake (fresh water lake), located in the Kapurthala district
of Punjab state in India, was created in 1870. It was recognized
internationally by the Ramsar Convention in 2002.
FORMATION
OF THE STATE
Punjab
Boundary Commission 1966 (Reorganization of Punjab): Recommendation of Sikh Commission, Punjab Reorganization Act was
enacted and accordingly Punjab was trifurcated on 1st Nov., 1966, leading to
the formation of Haryana & Himachal Pradesh.
Administrative
Divisions of Punjab:
1.Faridkot Division,
2.Ferozepur Division
3.Jalandhar Division, 4.Patiala Division
5.Ropar Division
SOCIAL
WELFARE SCHEMES OF PB. GOVT.
1.Bebe Nanki Ladli Kalyan Scheme: 20000 is
provided at the birth of the girl child.
2.Mata Kaushalaya Kalyan Scheme: was launched by
Punjab government in 2011 under which 1000 cash incentive is provided to all
mothers who undergo institutional deliveries in Govt. hospitals.
3.Mai Bhago Vidya Scheme: was launched by Punjab
Government, to provide free bicycle to all girl students studying in class 11th
and 12th in all government schools.
4.Shagun Scheme: was launched by Punjab
Government in 1997-98 for Scheduled caste and Christian girls. 15000 is
provided on the marriage of scheduled and Christian girls who are above the age
of 18. 20000 for rural areas and 27500 for urban areas.
5.Kanya Jagriti Jyoti Scheme: in 1996-97 in
Punjab State, to uplift the social status of the girls and to reduce the school
drop-out rate. The girl child born on or after 26.01.96 in the families living
below poverty line or whose annual income is below 20000 and are adopting two
children family norm are covered under the scheme.
6.Mai Bhago Istri Shakti Scheme: Under the
scheme individual or group of women would be provided loans at 8-10% per annum
by Agricultural Societies.
7.Balri Rakshak Yojana: launched in Punjab in
2007, with the objectives of encouraging the birth of girls to balance the
skewed sex-ratio in the state, reducing the Infant Mortality rate (IMR) &
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) by reducing the number of pregnancies and to
further bring down Total Fertility Rate.
8.Nanhi Chaan: An initiative of the
Ranbaxy group and later adopted by Mrs. Harsimrat Kaur Badal, MP from Bathinda,
was launched on 27th Aug. 2008 for protection of girl child & our fragile
environment.
9.Free Education to Girls: Primary girl students
and free education to girls of 9th to 12th class.
Prominent Industries in Punjab
Nestle - Moga, Glaxo Smithkline- Nabha,
Dell-Mohali, Hawkins, Sonalika Tractors,
RIL-Hoshiarpur, JCT-Phagwara, Punjab Tractors -Mohali, Mahavir Spinning Mills,
Hero Cycles -Ludhiana, Infosys, Wipro,Tech Mahindra -Chandigarh, Ranbaxy-Mohali,
National Fertilizers Ltd.-Nangal & Bathinda, HMEL Refinery - Bathinda
MUSEUMS
IN PUNJAB
1.Maharaja Ranjit Singh Museum, Amritsar
2.Sanghol Museum, Fatehgarh Sahib
3.Anglo Sikh War Memorial, Ferozepur
4.Govt. Museum, Hoshiarpur
5.Rural Museum, Punjab Agricultural University,
Ludhiana
6.Museum of Armoury & Chandeliers, Qila
Mubarak, Patiala
7.Art Gallery at Shish Mahal, Patiala
8.Sports Museum, National Institute of Sports,
Patiala
9.Guru Teg Bahadur Museum, Anandpur Sahib
FORTS IN
PUNJAB
1.
Gobindgarh Fort, Amritsar
2.
Bathinda Fort
3.
Qila Mubark, Faridkot Fort
4.
Qila Mubark, Patiala
5.
Anandpur Sahib Fort, Rupnagar
6.
Phillaur Fort, Ludhiana
7.
Shahpur Kandi Fort, Pathankot
PALACES
IN PUNJAB
1.
Summer Palace of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Amritsar
2.
Moti Palace, Patiala
3.
The Shish Mahal, Patiala
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SITES IN PUNJAB
1.
Evidence of Harappan Culture, Ropar
2.
Dholbaha, Hoshiarpur
3.
Sanghol, Fatehgarh Sahib
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